Abd al-Karim Qasim vs Ollanta Humala

Qasim, leading the Free Officers movement, orchestrated a military coup that overthrew King Faisal II and the Hashemite monarchy. The royal family was executed, and Iraq was declared a republic with Qasim as Prime Minister.

Qasim withdrew Iraq from the Baghdad Pact, shifting the country's foreign policy away from Western alignment. He pursued a neutralist stance and improved relations with the Soviet Union, altering the regional balance of power.

Qasim claimed sovereignty over Kuwait shortly after its independence from Britain, leading to a military standoff. British forces intervened to protect Kuwait, and Qasim's claim was widely condemned, isolating Iraq diplomatically.

Qasim was overthrown in a Ba'athist coup led by Abdul Salam Arif and Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr. After a brief trial, he was executed by firing squad. His death ended the first republican government of Iraq and ushered in Ba'athist rule.

Ollanta Humala, then an army lieutenant colonel, led a brief military uprising in Locumba against the government of Alberto Fujimori, protesting corruption and electoral fraud. The rebellion was quickly suppressed, and Humala was arrested and later pardoned.

Humala's government launched several social programs, including 'Beca 18' (scholarships for poor students) and 'Pensi

Ollanta Humala won the 2011 presidential election as the candidate of the Peru Wins party, defeating Keiko Fujimori in a runoff. His victory marked a shift to the left, with promises of social inclusion and economic redistribution.

Humala's government faced a major conflict over the Conga mining project in Cajamarca, where local communities protested against the mine's environmental impact. The conflict led to several deaths and forced the government to suspend the project, damaging Humala's popularity.