Themistocles vs Zhao Kuangyin

Themistocles persuaded the Athenian assembly to use silver from the Laurion mines to build a fleet of 200 triremes. This naval expansion transformed Athens into a major maritime power and was crucial for the victory at Salamis.

Themistocles commanded the Greek navy against the Persian fleet at Salamis. He lured the Persians into the narrow straits, where the Greek ships destroyed the larger Persian fleet. This victory ended the Persian threat to Greece and preserved Greek independence.

Themistocles was ostracized by the Athenian assembly, likely due to political rivalries and accusations of arrogance. He went into exile, first to Argos, then to Persia, where he was received by King Artaxerxes I.

After his ostracism, Themistocles fled to Persia and offered his services to King Artaxerxes I. He was granted governorship of Magnesia and other cities in Asia Minor, where he lived until his death. This act was seen as treason by many Athenians.

Zhao Kuangyin, a general of Later Zhou, was proclaimed emperor by his troops at Chenqiao. He established the Song dynasty, ending the Five Dynasties period and beginning a new era of Chinese history.

Zhao Kuangyin invited senior generals to a banquet and persuaded them to retire peacefully. This 'removal of military power over wine' prevented military coups and centralized control.

Zhao Kuangyin launched campaigns to conquer the southern kingdoms, including Jingnan, Later Shu, and Southern Tang. By his death, most of China was reunified under Song rule.