Wang Zhen

Wang Zhen became the chief eunuch of the Directorate of Ceremonial, gaining the trust of the young Zhengtong Emperor. He used his position to dominate the court, sidelining scholar-officials and accumulating immense personal power.

Wang Zhen orchestrated the purge of several high-ranking officials who opposed his influence, including the Grand Secretary Yang Shiqi's faction. He replaced them with loyalists, weakening the civil service and concentrating power in the eunuch bureaucracy.

During the Battle of Tumu Fortress, Wang Zhen was killed by his own officers who blamed him for the impending disaster. His death did not prevent the emperor's capture, and he was posthumously blamed for the crisis.

Wang Zhen persuaded the Zhengtong Emperor to personally lead a military campaign against the Oirat Mongols, despite opposition from experienced generals. His arrogance and lack of military planning led to the disastrous Tumu Crisis.

After the Tumu Crisis, the new Jingtai Emperor posthumously stripped Wang Zhen of all titles and confiscated his property. His family was executed, and he was vilified in official histories as a corrupt eunuch who caused the dynasty's near-collapse.