Urukagina

Urukagina, king of Lagash, enacted a series of social reforms aimed at curbing corruption and protecting the poor. He reduced taxes, abolished oppressive fees, and restored temple properties seized by the palace. These reforms are recorded on clay cones and are considered the first known social reforms in history.

Urukagina overthrew Lugalanda, the corrupt ensi of Lagash, and seized power. He justified his coup by claiming to restore justice and the traditional order. This event marked the beginning of his reformist rule and is recorded in his inscriptions.

Lugal-Zage-Si of Umma invaded and destroyed Lagash, ending Urukagina's reign. The city was sacked, and its temples were plundered. Urukagina's reforms were undone, and Lagash lost its independence. This event is recorded in the lament of Lagash.