Sultan Husayn

Afghan forces under Mahmud Hotak besieged Isfahan, the Safavid capital, for seven months. Sultan Husayn surrendered after the city faced severe famine and disease, marking the end of effective Safavid rule. The Afghans captured the city and executed many Safavid officials.

After the fall of Isfahan, Sultan Husayn abdicated the Safavid throne in favor of Mahmud Hotak, the Afghan leader. This abdication formally ended the Safavid dynasty's rule over Persia, though later Safavid claimants continued resistance.

Sultan Husayn was executed by the Afghan ruler Ashraf Hotak after being accused of plotting rebellion. His death eliminated the last Safavid shah and further destabilized Persia, leading to continued conflict between Afghan, Ottoman, and Russian forces.