Senusret III

Senusret III led four military campaigns into Nubia, extending Egyptian control to the Second Cataract. He built a series of fortresses, such as Buhen and Semna, to secure the border and exploit Nubian gold and resources.

Senusret III reorganized the Egyptian administration, centralizing power and reducing the influence of provincial nomarchs. He divided the country into three administrative regions (north, south, and head of the south) to improve tax collection and governance.