Robert III of Flanders

Robert III, as commander of the Flemish militia, led the forces of the County of Flanders to victory against the French army near Courtrai. The battle secured Flemish autonomy and established Robert's reputation as the Lion of Flanders.

Robert III was forced to sign this treaty with King Philip IV of France after the French invasion following the Battle of the Golden Spurs. The treaty imposed heavy indemnities and humiliating terms on Flanders, partially reversing the gains of 1302.

Robert III faced a rebellion from the coastal regions of Flanders, led by the city of Bruges, against his pro-French policies and tax increases. He suppressed the revolt with military force, reaffirming his authority but deepening internal divisions.