Mohamed Morsi

Morsi won Egypt's first democratic presidential election after the 2011 revolution, defeating Ahmed Shafiq. He became the first Islamist and first civilian president of Egypt, representing the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party.

Morsi issued a constitutional declaration that placed his decisions above judicial review and protected the constituent assembly drafting the new constitution. This move sparked massive protests and accusations of a power grab, deepening political polarization.

After mass protests against his rule, the Egyptian military led by General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi removed Morsi from office. He was placed under house arrest and later faced trials on charges including espionage and inciting violence.

Morsi collapsed and died during a court hearing in Cairo where he was on trial for espionage. His death was attributed to natural causes, but his family and supporters alleged medical neglect. He was buried in a secret location.