Cesar Gaviria vs Mohamed Morsi

César Gaviria became President of Colombia in 1990 after the assassination of candidate Luis Carlos Galán. His administration implemented sweeping economic reforms and continued the war against drug cartels.

Gaviria implemented a comprehensive economic opening, reducing tariffs, eliminating import licenses, and promoting foreign investment. The reforms integrated Colombia into global markets and boosted exports but also caused short-term economic dislocation.

Gaviria oversaw the drafting and adoption of a new constitution in 1991, replacing the 1886 constitution. The new charter expanded civil rights, created a Constitutional Court, and decentralized government, but also faced criticism for weakening state authority.

Gaviria negotiated the surrender of Pablo Escobar in 1991, who was imprisoned in a specially built facility, La Catedral. The deal was controversial as Escobar continued to run his criminal empire from prison and later escaped in 1992.

After his presidency, Gaviria became Secretary General of the Organization of American States (OAS) in 1994. He served until 2004, focusing on democratic governance and human rights in the Americas.

Morsi won Egypt's first democratic presidential election after the 2011 revolution, defeating Ahmed Shafiq. He became the first Islamist and first civilian president of Egypt, representing the Muslim Brotherhood's Freedom and Justice Party.

Morsi issued a constitutional declaration that placed his decisions above judicial review and protected the constituent assembly drafting the new constitution. This move sparked massive protests and accusations of a power grab, deepening political polarization.

After mass protests against his rule, the Egyptian military led by General Abdel Fattah el-Sisi removed Morsi from office. He was placed under house arrest and later faced trials on charges including espionage and inciting violence.

Morsi collapsed and died during a court hearing in Cairo where he was on trial for espionage. His death was attributed to natural causes, but his family and supporters alleged medical neglect. He was buried in a secret location.