Merneith

Merneith ruled as regent for her young son Den after the death of her husband Djet. She is the first known female ruler in recorded history, holding the title 'King's Mother' and possibly ruling in her own right.

Merneith was buried in a large tomb at Abydos, comparable in size to those of pharaohs. Her tomb contained subsidiary burials and grave goods, indicating her high status and possible independent rule.

Merneith's name appears in the Saqqara King List, a later document that records early pharaohs. This inclusion suggests she was recognized as a ruler, though her exact status remains debated among historians.