Louis XIII of France

Louis XIII appointed Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal Richelieu, as his chief minister. This decision established a partnership that centralized royal authority, suppressed Huguenot political power, and involved France in the Thirty Years' War against the Habsburgs.

Louis XIII and Richelieu besieged the Huguenot stronghold of La Rochelle for 14 months. The city surrendered in October 1628, ending Huguenot political and military autonomy in France and consolidating royal power.

Louis XIII's mother, Marie de' Medici, and other nobles attempted to force the dismissal of Richelieu. Louis XIII publicly sided with Richelieu, exiling his mother and confirming Richelieu's position as the dominant minister, solidifying absolutist rule.

Louis XIII declared war on Spain, bringing France openly into the Thirty Years' War. This intervention shifted the balance of power, leading to French victories and the eventual weakening of Habsburg dominance in Europe.

After 23 years of childless marriage, Louis XIII's wife Anne of Austria gave birth to a son, the future Louis XIV. This event secured the Bourbon succession and ended a potential succession crisis.