Juba I

Juba I allied with Pompey and the Optimates against Julius Caesar at the outbreak of the Roman Civil War. He provided cavalry and supplies to Pompey's forces in North Africa, hoping to expand Numidian territory at Rome's expense.

Juba I fought alongside the Pompeian forces at the Battle of Thapsus in North Africa. Caesar's forces decisively defeated the Pompeian army, and Juba's Numidian troops were routed, leading to the collapse of his kingdom.

After the defeat at Thapsus, Juba I committed suicide rather than be captured by Caesar. He died in a suicide pact with the Roman general Marcus Petreius at his Numidian palace, ending the independent Kingdom of Numidia.