Illig Qaghan

Illig Qaghan revived the Eastern Turkic Khaganate after its submission to the Sui dynasty. He united Turkic tribes and launched raids into Tang China, reasserting Turkic independence and power on the steppe.

Illig Qaghan led a major invasion of Tang China, besieging the city of Taiyuan. The Tang emperor Li Shimin (Taizong) personally led a relief force, forcing Illig to retreat after a stalemate.

Illig Qaghan was decisively defeated by Tang forces under Li Jing at the Battle of Yinshan. The Tang army captured Illig's camp, and he fled, leading to the collapse of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.

Illig Qaghan was captured by Tang forces and taken to Chang'an, where he died in captivity. His defeat ended the Eastern Turkic Khaganate, which was annexed by Tang China, marking a major expansion of Tang power.