Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom Stein

Stein issued the October Edict, which abolished serfdom in Prussia. The reform granted personal freedom to peasants and allowed them to own land, ending feudal obligations.

Stein introduced the Prussian Municipal Ordinance, granting cities self-government. The reform established elected city councils and mayors, reducing royal control over local administration.

Napoleon forced Stein to resign and exiled him from Prussia after Stein's anti-French activities. Stein fled to Austria and later Russia, where he advised Tsar Alexander I on German affairs.

Stein attended the Congress of Vienna as an advisor to Tsar Alexander I. He advocated for a unified German state but failed to achieve his goal, settling for the German Confederation.