Hamad bin Thuwaini

Following Hamad bin Thuwaini's death, the British issued an ultimatum to his usurper Khalid bin Barghash. When Khalid refused to abdicate, British warships bombarded the palace for 38 minutes, making it the shortest war in recorded history.

Hamad bin Thuwaini died suddenly on August 25, 1896, under circumstances that suggested poisoning. His death triggered a succession crisis as his cousin Khalid bin Barghash seized power, leading to British intervention.