Guru Arjan Dev

Guru Ram Das appointed Arjan Dev as his successor, making him the fifth Sikh Guru. This continued the tradition of guru succession and marked a period of consolidation for Sikhism.

Guru Arjan Dev founded the city of Tarn Taran and built a large sarovar (pool) there. It became a center for Sikh pilgrimage and community activities.

Guru Arjan Dev compiled the Adi Granth, the primary Sikh scripture, containing hymns of Sikh Gurus and other saints. He installed it at the Harmandir Sahib, establishing it as the central religious text of Sikhism.

Guru Arjan Dev completed the construction of the Harmandir Sahib in Amritsar, with a central location and doors on all four sides symbolizing openness. It became the holiest Sikh shrine and a symbol of Sikh identity.

Guru Arjan Dev was arrested and executed by order of Emperor Jahangir, accused of supporting a rebel prince. He was tortured for five days and died in the Ravi River. This event became a turning point, militarizing the Sikh community.