Frederick V of the Palatinate

Frederick V was elected King of Bohemia by the Protestant estates after the Defenestration of Prague. This challenged the Habsburg rule and triggered the Thirty Years' War.

Frederick V's forces were decisively defeated by the Catholic League army under Johann Tserclaes von Tilly near Prague. This ended his reign as Winter King and forced him into exile.

After losing Bohemia, Frederick V fled to the Dutch Republic and established a court in The Hague. He spent the rest of his life attempting to regain his territories through diplomacy and military alliances.