Ernest Shackleton

Shackleton led the Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition with the goal of crossing Antarctica. The expedition departed from England on the ship Endurance, but the ship became trapped in pack ice in the Weddell Sea before reaching land.

The Endurance was crushed by pack ice and sank in the Weddell Sea. Shackleton and his crew of 27 were stranded on the ice, forcing them to camp on drifting floes for months before escaping in lifeboats.

Shackleton and five crew members sailed the lifeboat James Caird 800 miles across the Southern Ocean from Elephant Island to South Georgia. The 16-day journey in stormy seas is considered one of the greatest small-boat voyages in history.

After landing on South Georgia, Shackleton, Tom Crean, and Frank Worsley crossed the island's uncharted mountainous interior in 36 hours to reach a whaling station. This feat enabled the rescue of the remaining crew stranded on Elephant Island.

Shackleton organized a rescue mission from South Georgia, eventually reaching Elephant Island on a Chilean steamer. All 28 members of the expedition were rescued alive after more than 20 months stranded in the Antarctic.