Arsinoe IV of Egypt

Arsinoe IV escaped from the royal palace during the Alexandrian War between Julius Caesar and Ptolemy XIII. She joined the Egyptian army opposing Caesar and was proclaimed queen by the forces of Achillas.

Arsinoe IV, with her advisor Ganymedes, took command of the Egyptian forces besieging Caesar in Alexandria. She organized the defense and directed military operations against the Romans, prolonging the conflict.

After Caesar's victory in the Alexandrian War, Arsinoe IV was captured and taken to Rome. She was paraded in Caesar's triumph but spared execution; instead, she was exiled to the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus.

At the request of Cleopatra VII, Mark Antony ordered the execution of Arsinoe IV at the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus. Her death removed a rival claimant to the Ptolemaic throne and eliminated a threat to Cleopatra's rule.