Andres Bonifacio

Andres Bonifacio founded the Katipunan (Kataastaasang Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan), a secret revolutionary society aimed at gaining independence from Spanish colonial rule through armed revolt.

Bonifacio led the Katipunan in launching the Philippine Revolution against Spanish colonial rule after the discovery of the society. The revolt began with the Cry of Pugad Lawin, where members tore their cedulas as a sign of defiance.

Bonifacio and Katipunan members gathered in Pugad Lawin (now part of Quezon City) and tore their community tax certificates (cedulas) as a symbol of rebellion. This event is considered the formal start of the Philippine Revolution.

Bonifacio was arrested and executed by order of Emilio Aguinaldo's faction after a power struggle within the revolutionary movement. He was tried for sedition and treason, and his death deepened divisions among Filipino revolutionaries.