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Puppet caliph during Turkish domination.
Al-Mustain was installed as caliph by the Turkish guard after the death of al-Muntasir. He was a puppet ruler, with real power held by the Turkish military commanders, marking the height of Turkish domination.
Al-Mustain faced a rebellion from his cousin al-Mutazz, who was supported by Turkish factions. The civil war led to the siege of Baghdad and ended with al-Mustain's abdication in 866.
Al-Mustain abdicated the caliphate in favor of al-Mutazz after being defeated. Despite promises of safety, he was executed shortly after, demonstrating the brutality of the Turkish-dominated politics.