Ahmed Orabi

Colonel Ahmed Orabi led a revolt of Egyptian army officers against the Khedive Tewfik Pasha and European influence. The revolt demanded constitutional government and an end to foreign control over Egypt's finances.

British forces under General Garnet Wolseley defeated Orabi's army at Tel el-Kebir. The battle ended the Urabi Revolt and led to the British occupation of Egypt, which lasted until 1956.

After the defeat at Tel el-Kebir, Orabi was captured and tried by a British-controlled court. He was sentenced to death but commuted to exile in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), where he remained until 1901.

Orabi was allowed to return to Egypt in 1901 after nearly 20 years in exile. He lived quietly in Cairo until his death in 1911, but remained a symbol of Egyptian resistance to foreign domination.