William the Lion vs Zhenzhu Khan

William the Lion was captured by English forces near Alnwick Castle during an invasion of Northumberland. He was taken prisoner to England, leading to the Treaty of Falaise where Scotland became a vassal state of England.

William the Lion signed the Treaty of Falaise, acknowledging Henry II of England as his feudal overlord. Scotland's castles were garrisoned by English troops, and William paid homage to the English king.

William the Lion founded Arbroath Abbey in Angus, dedicated to St. Thomas Becket. The abbey became a major religious center and later the site where the Declaration of Arbroath was drafted in 1320.

William the Lion paid 10,000 marks to Richard I of England to annul the Treaty of Falaise. This purchase restored Scotland's independence and ended English overlordship, with all English garrisons withdrawn from Scottish castles.

Zhenzhu Khan founded the Xueyantuo Khaganate in Mongolia after the collapse of the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. He united the Xueyantuo and other Tiele tribes, creating a powerful steppe confederation.

Zhenzhu Khan allied with Tang China against the Eastern Turkic Khaganate. He provided cavalry support to Tang forces, contributing to the defeat of Illig Qaghan and the annexation of the Eastern Turks.

Zhenzhu Khan expanded the Xueyantuo Khaganate westward, conquering territories from the Western Turkic Khaganate. He extended his rule over the Tiele tribes and the eastern part of the Tarim Basin.

Zhenzhu Khan died, and his son succeeded him but was soon overthrown. The Xueyantuo Khaganate quickly declined after his death, eventually being conquered by the Tang dynasty and the Uyghurs.