Sawai Jai Singh II vs Sultan Jahan Begum

Sawai Jai Singh II founded the planned city of Jaipur, designed by architect Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. The city was built according to Vastu Shastra and became a major center of trade and culture.

Jai Singh II constructed five astronomical observatories called Jantar Mantar in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi. These instruments were used to measure time, track celestial bodies, and update astronomical tables.

Jai Singh II led campaigns against the Marathas and Jats to protect his kingdom. He successfully defended Jaipur from Maratha raids but was forced to pay tribute to the Marathas later.

Jai Singh II compiled a new set of astronomical tables, the Zij-i Muhammad Shahi, based on his observations. This work corrected errors in earlier Islamic and Hindu astronomical texts.

Sultan Jahan Begum succeeded her mother Shah Jahan Begum as the ruling Begum of Bhopal. She governed the state for 25 years, implementing progressive reforms in education and women's rights.

Sultan Jahan Begum opened several schools for girls in Bhopal, including the Sultan Jahan Girls School. She also established a women's hospital and advocated for female literacy, challenging conservative norms.

Sultan Jahan Begum introduced laws in Bhopal to protect women's property rights and restrict child marriage. These reforms were progressive for the time, though they faced resistance from conservative factions.

Sultan Jahan Begum wrote 'The Story of a Pilgrimage', an account of her Hajj journey to Mecca. The book provided insights into Islamic practices and the experiences of a female ruler, gaining international readership.

Sultan Jahan Begum contributed significantly to the founding of Aligarh Muslim University, serving as its first chancellor. She donated funds and advocated for the institution, which became a major center for Muslim education in India.