Daulat Rao Sindhia vs Sawai Jai Singh II

Daulat Rao Sindhia's forces fought the British East India Company under Arthur Wellesley at Assaye during the Second Anglo-Maratha War. The Maratha army was decisively defeated, leading to the loss of territories and weakening Sindhia's power.

Daulat Rao Sindhia signed the Treaty of Surji-Anjangaon with the British after his defeat at Assaye. He ceded territories including Delhi, Agra, and parts of Bundelkhand, and accepted British suzerainty, reducing Gwalior to a subsidiary state.

Daulat Rao Sindhia undertook the restoration and fortification of Gwalior Fort, strengthening its defenses and adding structures. This project reinforced Gwalior's strategic importance and preserved its architectural heritage.

Sawai Jai Singh II founded the planned city of Jaipur, designed by architect Vidyadhar Bhattacharya. The city was built according to Vastu Shastra and became a major center of trade and culture.

Jai Singh II constructed five astronomical observatories called Jantar Mantar in Delhi, Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, and Varanasi. These instruments were used to measure time, track celestial bodies, and update astronomical tables.

Jai Singh II led campaigns against the Marathas and Jats to protect his kingdom. He successfully defended Jaipur from Maratha raids but was forced to pay tribute to the Marathas later.

Jai Singh II compiled a new set of astronomical tables, the Zij-i Muhammad Shahi, based on his observations. This work corrected errors in earlier Islamic and Hindu astronomical texts.