Rama I vs Victor Emmanuel II

As a general under King Taksin, Rama I (then Phraya Chakri) led a campaign that captured the Lao kingdom of Vientiane. He brought the Emerald Buddha statue from Vientiane to Thonburi, where it became the palladium of the Siamese kingdom.

Rama I initiated a comprehensive restoration of Siamese culture, including the compilation of a new legal code (the Three Seals Law), the revival of Buddhist scholarship, and the patronage of literature and the arts. He also commissioned a new version of the Ramakien epic.

Rama I, formerly General Phraya Chakri, founded the Chakri dynasty after executing King Taksin of Thonburi. He was crowned as King Rama I, establishing a new royal line that continues to rule Thailand to the present day.

Rama I moved the capital from Thonburi to the opposite bank of the Chao Phraya River, founding the city of Bangkok (Krung Thep). He began construction of the Grand Palace and Wat Phra Kaew (Temple of the Emerald Buddha), establishing the new capital's religious and political center.

Rama I successfully repelled a massive Burmese invasion led by King Bodawpaya. The Siamese forces, commanded by Rama I and his brother Prince Surasi, defeated the Burmese armies in a series of battles, securing the independence of the new Rattanakosin kingdom.

As King of Sardinia, Victor Emmanuel II retained the Statuto Albertino, a constitution granted by his father. This constitution became the legal foundation of the Kingdom of Italy, establishing a constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system.

Victor Emmanuel II sent Sardinian troops to fight alongside France and Britain in the Crimean War. This participation elevated Sardinia's diplomatic standing, leading to French support for Italian unification in the subsequent Plombi

Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed King of Italy by the first Italian Parliament in Turin. This event formally unified most of the Italian peninsula under the House of Savoy, with the exception of Venetia and Rome, marking the birth of the Kingdom of Italy.

Following the Austro-Prussian War, Italy, allied with Prussia, annexed Venetia from Austria. Victor Emmanuel II's forces suffered defeats on land but gained the territory through the Treaty of Vienna, completing a key step in unification.

Italian troops under Victor Emmanuel II breached the Porta Pia in Rome, completing the unification of Italy. The Papal States were annexed, and Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, ending the temporal power of the Pope.

Victor Emmanuel II died in Rome, having unified Italy under his rule. His death marked the end of the founding era of the Kingdom of Italy, and he was buried in the Pantheon, becoming a symbol of Italian unification.