Qaa vs Tullus Hostilius

Qaa was the final ruler of the First Dynasty, reigning for about 20-30 years. His reign marked the end of the dynasty, after which the Second Dynasty began with Hotepsekhemwy.

Qaa constructed a large tomb at Abydos, comparable in size to Den's. The tomb contained subsidiary burials and rich grave goods, indicating a return to prosperity at the end of the dynasty.

Qaa continued trade relations with Byblos and other regions, as evidenced by inscriptions on stone vessels. His reign saw the continued import of cedar and other luxury goods.

Tullus Hostilius ordered the destruction of Alba Longa after a war between Rome and Alba Longa. The Alban population was forcibly relocated to Rome, and the city was razed, ending the rivalry between the two cities and increasing Rome's population and territory.

To decide the war between Rome and Alba Longa, Tullus Hostilius agreed to a combat between the Roman Horatii triplets and the Alban Curiatii triplets. The sole surviving Horatius killed the three Curiatii, giving Rome victory and dominance over Alba Longa.

Tullus Hostilius led a war against the Sabines, expanding Roman territory. The war resulted in the annexation of Sabine lands and the incorporation of the Sabine population into the Roman state, strengthening Rome's military and economic position.

Tullus Hostilius is credited with building the Curia Hostilia, the original Senate house in Rome. This building served as the meeting place for the Roman Senate for centuries, becoming a central institution of Roman government.

According to Roman tradition, Tullus Hostilius was killed by a lightning bolt sent by Jupiter after he neglected religious rites and attempted to perform a forbidden ritual. His death ended his reign and was seen as divine punishment for his impiety.