Omar Razzaz vs William Gladstone

Omar Razzaz, a former World Bank economist, was appointed Prime Minister in June 2018 following the resignation of Hani al-Mulki. His appointment aimed to restore public trust and address the economic crisis.

Razzaz withdrew the proposed income tax law that had sparked protests, and initiated a national dialogue on tax reform. This move temporarily calmed public anger and allowed his government to regain legitimacy.

Razzaz's government implemented a revised IMF program, including tax increases, subsidy cuts, and public sector wage freezes. These measures aimed to reduce Jordan's debt but faced continued public opposition.

Razzaz resigned in October 2020 after two years in office. His resignation followed the COVID-19 pandemic's economic impact and criticism of his government's handling of the crisis, including lockdown measures.

Gladstone, as Chancellor of the Exchequer, delivered his first budget in 1853, which reduced tariffs and extended income tax. He aimed for free trade and fiscal responsibility, setting the stage for his reputation as a financial reformer.

Gladstone became Prime Minister for the first time on December 3, 1868, after winning the general election. His first ministry (1868-1874) passed major reforms including the disestablishment of the Irish Church, the Education Act 1870, and the Ballot Act 1872.

Gladstone's government passed the Irish Church Act 1869, which disestablished the Church of Ireland as the state church in Ireland. This removed its official status and ended mandatory tithes for Catholics, addressing a major grievance in Irish politics.

Gladstone's government passed the Elementary Education Act 1870, which established school boards and provided for elementary education in England and Wales. It created a national system of education, though attendance was not compulsory until later.

Gladstone conducted the Midlothian Campaign in 1879-1880, a series of speeches in Scotland attacking Disraeli's foreign policy. This was the first modern political campaign, using mass rallies and media coverage. It helped the Liberals win the 1880 general election.

Gladstone introduced the First Home Rule Bill in 1886, proposing a devolved parliament for Ireland. The bill split the Liberal Party and was defeated in the Commons. This issue dominated his later career and led to the formation of the Liberal Unionist Party.