Maha Chakkraphat vs Mai of Borno

Maha Chakkraphat led an Ayutthayan army to attack the Burmese capital of Pegu, but the campaign failed due to logistical problems and Burmese counterattacks. The defeat weakened Ayutthaya's military position and encouraged further Burmese aggression, ultimately contributing to the fall of the kingdom.

Maha Chakkraphat refused to give two white elephants to King Bayinnaung of Burma, an act that Bayinnaung used as a casus belli for invasion. The subsequent war resulted in Ayutthaya's defeat and the loss of the elephants, which became a symbol of the kingdom's subjugation.

Maha Chakkraphat's forces were defeated by the Burmese army under King Bayinnaung, leading to the capture and sack of Ayutthaya. The kingdom became a vassal of the Toungoo Empire, and Maha Chakkraphat was taken prisoner. This event marked the first time Ayutthaya fell to a foreign power.

The Mai became the traditional ruler of the Bornu Empire, a Kanuri state in the Lake Chad region. His reign occurred during the empire's decline, facing pressure from the Fulani jihad and internal rebellions.

The Mai's army was defeated by Fulani jihadists at the Battle of Ngala, leading to the loss of western Bornu territories. This defeat weakened the empire's control over trade routes and reduced its political influence.

The Mai signed a commercial treaty with the British Empire, granting trading rights in Bornu. This agreement aimed to counter the Fulani threat by securing European support, but it also increased British influence in the region.