Maba Diakhou Ba vs Marcelo H. del Pilar

Maba Diakhou Ba launched a religious war (jihad) against non-Muslim rulers in the Senegambia region. He aimed to establish an Islamic state and convert the population, leading to widespread conflict and the creation of a short-lived theocratic state.

Maba Diakhou Ba's forces were defeated by a coalition of French colonial troops and local allies at Nioro. This battle marked a turning point in his campaign, weakening his military power and limiting his territorial control.

Maba Diakhou Ba was killed in battle against French colonial forces at the Battle of Somb. His death ended the jihadist movement in Senegambia and led to the collapse of the Islamic state he had established.

Del Pilar established a mutual aid society in Manila that secretly functioned as a propaganda cell. The organization collected funds and distributed anti-friar literature, laying groundwork for the broader reform movement.

Del Pilar authored a satirical parody of Catholic prayers and catechism, mocking the hypocrisy of Spanish friars in the Philippines. The pamphlet was widely circulated and contributed to anti-clerical sentiment among Filipinos.

Facing arrest by Spanish authorities for his subversive writings, del Pilar fled to Spain. There he joined other Filipino expatriates in the Propaganda Movement, continuing his campaign for reforms through journalism and lobbying.

Del Pilar became editor of La Solidaridad, the primary newspaper of the Propaganda Movement in Barcelona, Spain. He used the paper to advocate for political reforms in the Philippines, including representation in the Spanish Cortes and secularization of parishes.

Del Pilar died of tuberculosis in Barcelona, impoverished and in exile. His death occurred as the Philippine Revolution was beginning, but his writings had already inspired the Katipunan and the nationalist movement.