Le Loi vs Malcolm III Canmore

Le Loi launched the Lam Son uprising against Ming Chinese occupation of Dai Viet. He gathered a small force in the Lam Son region of Thanh Hoa province, beginning a decade-long guerrilla war.

Le Loi's forces besieged the Ming-held citadel of Dong Quan (Hanoi). The siege cut off Ming supply lines and forced the Chinese to negotiate, leading to the eventual withdrawal of Ming forces.

Le Loi's forces ambushed and defeated a large Ming relief army at Chi Lang Pass. This decisive victory forced the Ming court to recognize Dai Viet's independence and withdraw its remaining troops.

Le Loi ascended the throne as Emperor Le Thai To, founding the Later Le dynasty. He established a new capital at Dong Kinh (Hanoi) and implemented policies to rebuild the war-torn country.

Malcolm Canmore killed Macbeth at the Battle of Lumphanan, ending Macbeth's reign. Malcolm then claimed the Scottish throne, though he faced opposition from Macbeth's stepson Lulach, whom he killed in 1058 to secure his position.

Malcolm launched a series of raids into northern England, exploiting the instability after the Norman Conquest. He invaded Northumbria in 1070 and again in 1079, but was forced to submit to William the Conqueror at the Treaty of Abernethy in 1072, becoming a vassal.

Malcolm married Margaret, an Anglo-Saxon princess who had fled to Scotland after the Norman Conquest. The marriage strengthened ties with the English church and nobility, and Margaret later became a saint. It also introduced English cultural and religious influences to the Scottish court.

Malcolm invaded England again and was killed at the Battle of Alnwick in Northumberland, along with his eldest son Edward. His death led to a succession crisis in Scotland, as his brother Donald III seized the throne, beginning a period of instability.