Kurt von Schuschnigg vs Sherif Ismail

Schuschnigg signed an agreement with German ambassador Franz von Papen that normalized relations between Austria and Nazi Germany. In exchange for Germany recognizing Austrian sovereignty, Austria agreed to amnesty imprisoned Austrian Nazis and include pro-Nazi figures in the government.

On February 12, 1938, Schuschnigg met Adolf Hitler at the Berghof in Berchtesgaden. Hitler demanded that Austrian Nazis be given key government posts and that Austria integrate economically with Germany. Schuschnigg capitulated, appointing Arthur Seyss-Inquart as interior minister.

On March 9, 1938, Schuschnigg announced a national referendum to be held on March 13, asking Austrians whether they wanted a 'free, independent, social, Christian, and united Austria.' This was a last-ditch effort to prevent German annexation.

On March 11, 1938, under threat of German invasion, Schuschnigg resigned as chancellor. He ordered the Austrian army not to resist. German troops entered Austria the next day, completing the Anschluss. Schuschnigg was immediately placed under house arrest.

Sherif Ismail was appointed Prime Minister by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi in September 2015, replacing Ibrahim Mahlab. A petroleum engineer, Ismail was tasked with implementing economic reforms and managing Egypt's energy sector.

Ismail resigned as Prime Minister in June 2018, after overseeing the implementation of a controversial IMF-backed economic reform program that included subsidy cuts and currency devaluation. His resignation was part of a cabinet reshuffle.