Krum the Fearsome vs Tokhta

Krum introduced a set of laws aimed at centralizing power and unifying the Bulgarian state. These laws included measures against theft, drunkenness, and false oaths, and established a uniform legal system.

Krum led the Bulgarian army to a decisive victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Pliska. Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros I was killed in the battle, and his skull was later used as a drinking cup by Krum.

Krum besieged Constantinople after a series of victories over the Byzantines. He failed to capture the city due to its strong defenses and the death of Krum shortly after, but the siege demonstrated Bulgarian military power.

Tokhta reasserted the authority of the central khan over the Golden Horde, suppressing rebellious emirs and consolidating power. He reorganized the administration and restored the capital at Sarai, ending a period of fragmentation.

Tokhta led a military campaign against the Nogai Horde, a breakaway faction that had challenged his authority. The campaign culminated in the defeat and death of Nogai, the leader of the Horde, restoring Tokhta's control over the western territories of the Golden Horde.

Tokhta ordered the expulsion of Genoese merchants from the Crimean port of Caffa, leading to a military conflict. The Genoese were defeated, and their trading privileges were revoked, strengthening the Golden Horde's control over the Black Sea trade.