King Li of Zhou vs Ptolemy VI Philometor

King Li implemented harsh policies, including state monopolies on natural resources and severe punishments for critics. These measures enriched the crown but provoked widespread resentment among the nobility and commoners.

King Li's tyrannical rule, including monopolizing resources and suppressing dissent, led to a popular uprising in the capital Haojing. The king was forced to flee into exile, marking the first recorded expulsion of a Chinese king by his own people.

Following King Li's exile, the Dukes of Zhou and Shao jointly ruled as regents during the Gonghe Regency. This period of collective rule lasted 14 years and is the first reliably dated period in Chinese history.

Ptolemy VI led a campaign against the Seleucid king Antiochus IV, but was defeated and captured. Antiochus IV invaded Egypt and was crowned as pharaoh, but was forced to withdraw by the Roman envoy Gaius Popillius Laenas, who drew a line in the sand.

After a period of civil war with his brother Ptolemy VIII, Ptolemy VI was restored as sole ruler of Egypt. He ruled jointly with his sister-wife Cleopatra II, maintaining stability and good relations with Rome, while his brother ruled Cyrenaica.

Ptolemy VI died fighting alongside the Seleucid usurper Alexander Balas against Demetrius II. He was thrown from his horse and killed, ending his reign. His death led to the return of Ptolemy VIII and further dynastic chaos.