Juan Manuel Santos vs Mohammad Mosaddegh

Juan Manuel Santos won the Colombian presidential election as the candidate of the National Unity Party. He was the former Defense Minister under Uribe and initially continued the hardline security policy.

Santos announced the start of formal peace negotiations with the FARC in Havana, Cuba. The talks were held in secret for six months before being made public, with Norway and Cuba as guarantors.

Santos signed a historic peace agreement with FARC commander Rodrigo Londo

Santos was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to end the Colombian civil war. The Nobel Committee recognized his leadership in the peace process despite the narrow rejection of the initial peace deal in a referendum.

The initial peace agreement with the FARC was narrowly rejected by Colombian voters in a referendum by 50.2% to 49.8%. The result was a major setback for Santos, who had campaigned heavily for approval.

Mosaddegh's government nationalized the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, taking control of Iran's oil industry from British ownership. The move was popular in Iran but led to a British-led boycott and severe economic pressure.

Mosaddegh was elected Prime Minister by the Majlis (parliament) after leading the campaign for oil nationalization. He became a symbol of Iranian nationalism and anti-imperialism, but his policies created conflict with the Shah and Western powers.

The CIA and MI6 orchestrated a coup (Operation Ajax) that overthrew Mosaddegh's government. He was arrested after days of street fighting, and the Shah returned to power. The coup ended Iranian democracy and led to 25 years of autocratic rule.

After the coup, Mosaddegh was tried for treason and sentenced to three years in prison, then placed under house arrest in his village of Ahmadabad until his death. He remained a symbol of resistance against foreign intervention.