John Stuart of Bute vs Ong Eng Guan

Bute was appointed Prime Minister by George III, becoming the first Scottish-born holder of the office. His close relationship with the King and his Scottish background made him deeply unpopular with the English public and political elite.

Bute's government introduced a tax on cider production to raise revenue. The tax provoked widespread protests in cider-producing regions, especially the West Country, and contributed to Bute's unpopularity and eventual resignation.

Bute's government negotiated the Treaty of Paris, ending the Seven Years' War. Britain gained Canada, Florida, and territories in India, but Bute was criticized for returning some conquests to France and Spain, fueling accusations of weakness.

Facing intense public hostility, parliamentary opposition, and mob violence, Bute resigned as Prime Minister after only 11 months. He remained influential as a behind-the-scenes advisor to George III, but never held high office again.

Ong Eng Guan was elected the first Mayor of Singapore in 1957 under the PAP banner. He implemented populist policies and gained a personal following, but his tenure was marked by conflict with the party leadership.

Ong was expelled from the PAP in 1960 for insubordination and factionalism. He had challenged party discipline and criticized Lee Kuan Yew's leadership, leading to his removal.

After his expulsion, Ong founded the United People's Party (UPP) as a vehicle for his political ambitions. The UPP contested the 1963 general election but failed to gain significant support.

Ong won the Hong Lim by-election in 1961 as an independent, defeating the PAP candidate. This victory demonstrated his personal popularity and weakened the PAP's majority in the Legislative Assembly.

Ong lost his parliamentary seat in the 1963 general election, running under the UPP banner. His political influence declined sharply after this defeat, and he eventually retired from politics.