Hirota Koki vs V. V. Giri

Hirota Koki became Prime Minister in March 1936, forming a cabinet after the February 26 Incident. As a civilian, he was seen as a compromise candidate, but his government was dominated by the military and pursued expansionist policies.

Hirota's government signed the Anti-Comintern Pact with Nazi Germany in November 1936, forming an alliance against the Soviet Union and international communism. This pact aligned Japan with Germany and Italy, leading to the Axis alliance.

As Foreign Minister in 1937, Hirota was responsible for diplomatic relations during the Nanking Massacre. The Tokyo Tribunal found that he failed to take adequate steps to stop the atrocities despite receiving reports, contributing to his war crimes conviction.

Hirota Koki was executed by hanging on December 23, 1948, after being convicted by the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. He was found guilty of conspiracy to wage aggressive war and for atrocities committed by Japanese forces in China, including the Nanking Massacre.

V. V. Giri was appointed as the Governor of Uttar Pradesh, serving from 1956 to 1960. He later served as Governor of Kerala and Mysore, handling administrative responsibilities in various states.

V. V. Giri was elected as the Vice President of India, serving from 1967 to 1969. He also served as Chairman of the Rajya Sabha, presiding over the upper house.

President V. V. Giri supported the nationalization of 14 major commercial banks in India in 1969, a key socialist policy of the Indira Gandhi government. This aimed to increase credit access for agriculture and small industries.

V. V. Giri served as Acting President of India following the death of President Zakir Husain in May 1969. He held the office until the election of a new president.

V. V. Giri was elected as the 4th President of India in a contested election, defeating the official Congress candidate. He served from 1969 to 1974, promoting socialist policies and labor rights.