Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow vs Torcuato Fernandez-Miranda

Berdimuhamedow reversed Niyazov's closure of the Turkmen Academy of Sciences, reopening the institution. This was part of a broader effort to restore some educational and scientific institutions that had been dismantled under his predecessor.

Following the death of President Saparmurat Niyazov, Berdimuhamedow won the presidential election with 89% of the vote. He succeeded Niyazov as the second president of independent Turkmenistan, inheriting a highly authoritarian system.

Berdimuhamedow presided over the groundbreaking ceremony for the TAPI pipeline in Mary, Turkmenistan. The project aimed to export Turkmen natural gas to South Asia, but faced security and financing challenges, with construction repeatedly delayed.

Berdimuhamedow awarded himself the title 'Hero of Turkmenistan' for the third time, along with other state honors. This was part of an ongoing personality cult that included statues, official songs, and renaming of places after him.

Berdimuhamedow resigned as president, triggering a snap election won by his son Serdar. He then became Chairman of the People's Council (Halk Maslahaty), a newly empowered body that retained him as the 'national leader' with significant influence over policy.

Franco appointed Fernandez-Miranda as Minister of the Movement, the single party of the Francoist regime. He oversaw the National Movement's structure and ideology.

Carrero Blanco appointed Fernandez-Miranda as Minister of Education. He implemented educational reforms, including the General Education Law of 1970, which modernized Spain's education system.

King Juan Carlos I appointed Fernandez-Miranda as President of the Cortes (the Francoist parliament). This position gave him control over the legislative process during the transition to democracy.

As President of the Cortes, Fernandez-Miranda drafted the Law for Political Reform, a legal mechanism to dismantle the Francoist regime from within. The law was approved by the Cortes and later by referendum, enabling democratic elections.