Gloria Macapagal Arroyo vs Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma

Gloria Macapagal Arroyo became president after the EDSA II Revolution ousted Joseph Estrada. She was the second female president of the Philippines and daughter of former President Diosdado Macapagal.

A group of junior military officers seized the Oakwood Premier Hotel in Makati, demanding Arroyo's resignation over corruption allegations. The mutiny was peacefully resolved, but it highlighted military unrest.

Arroyo signed the Expanded Value-Added Tax law, raising the VAT rate from 10% to 12% to address fiscal deficits. The reform increased government revenue but faced public opposition and legal challenges.

Arroyo was arrested on charges of electoral sabotage related to the 2007 senatorial elections. She was detained at the Veterans Memorial Medical Center, becoming the first former Philippine president to be held on such charges.

President Rodrigo Duterte granted Arroyo absolute pardon for her electoral sabotage conviction, citing her poor health. The pardon allowed her release from detention and eventual return to politics as a congresswoman.

Dlamini-Zuma was appointed South Africa's Minister of Health under President Nelson Mandela. She oversaw the introduction of free healthcare for pregnant women and children under six, and initiated the country's first antiretroviral treatment program for HIV/AIDS.

Dlamini-Zuma became South Africa's Minister of Foreign Affairs under President Thabo Mbeki. She played a key role in shaping South Africa's foreign policy, including mediating conflicts in Africa and promoting the African Union's formation.

Dlamini-Zuma was elected as the first female Chairperson of the African Union Commission. She led the AU's executive body, focusing on peace and security, economic integration, and institutional reform across the continent.

Dlamini-Zuma was appointed to this role by President Cyril Ramaphosa. She was tasked with overseeing government planning and performance monitoring, a position she held until 2019.