Giovanni Spadolini vs William Massey

Giovanni Spadolini became Prime Minister of Italy, the first non-Christian Democrat to hold the office since 1945. He led a coalition government of the Republican Party, Christian Democrats, and others, marking a political shift.

Spadolini's government faced the scandal of the illegal P2 Masonic lodge, which had infiltrated state institutions. He took a firm stance, ordering investigations and pushing for the lodge's dissolution, though the scandal weakened the government.

Spadolini resigned as Prime Minister after losing a confidence vote in the Senate over economic policy disagreements. His resignation ended his first term, though he briefly returned to the office later in 1982.

Spadolini was elected President of the Italian Senate, a high-profile institutional role. He served in this position until 1994, overseeing legislative processes and representing the Senate in state affairs.

Massey became Prime Minister on 10 July 1912, leading the Reform Party. He succeeded Joseph Ward and began a 13-year tenure that shaped New Zealand's early 20th-century politics.

Massey led New Zealand through World War I, committing troops to the Allied cause. He supported the British Empire's war effort and oversaw the mobilization of New Zealand's military and economy.

Massey attended the Paris Peace Conference and signed the Treaty of Versailles on behalf of New Zealand. He secured New Zealand's membership in the League of Nations, marking a step in its international recognition.

Massey died in office on 10 May 1925, becoming the first New Zealand prime minister to die while serving. His death marked the end of the Reform Party's long dominance.