Ferdinand I of Aragon vs Richard II of England

Ferdinand I was elected King of Aragon by the Compromise of Caspe, a commission of nine representatives from Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia. This resolved the succession crisis following the death of Martin I without a direct heir, bringing the Trastamara dynasty to the Aragonese throne.

Ferdinand I launched a military campaign to subdue the rebellious Sardinian nobles who had resisted Aragonese rule. The campaign successfully reasserted Aragonese control over the island, consolidating the Crown of Aragon's Mediterranean possessions.

Ferdinand I implemented administrative reforms in the Crown of Aragon, including the reorganization of the royal council and the standardization of tax collection. These reforms strengthened royal authority and improved the efficiency of governance across the diverse territories of Aragon.

Richard II faced the Peasants' Revolt, a major uprising led by Wat Tyler. The rebels marched on London, demanding an end to serfdom and poll taxes. Richard met them at Smithfield, where Tyler was killed, and the revolt was suppressed.

The Lords Appellant, a group of nobles, took control of the government through the Merciless Parliament. They executed or exiled Richard's favorites, severely limiting his power and humiliating the king.

Richard II was deposed by his cousin Henry Bolingbroke, who returned from exile and seized the throne. Richard was imprisoned and forced to abdicate, ending his reign and beginning the Lancastrian dynasty.

Richard II died at Pontefract Castle, likely starved to death on orders of Henry IV. His death ended the Plantagenet line of direct succession and led to the Wars of the Roses.