Colocolo vs Umar II

Colocolo, as an elder leader, called for the Mapuche tribes to unite under a single war leader to resist Spanish incursions. His speech at a council of chiefs helped establish the toqui system, leading to the election of Lautaro as the first toqui.

Colocolo participated in the Battle of Tucapel, where Mapuche forces under Lautaro defeated and killed Spanish governor Pedro de Valdivia. This victory was a turning point in the Arauco War, demonstrating Mapuche military capability.

After Lautaro's death, Colocolo was elected toqui to lead the Mapuche resistance. He organized military campaigns against the Spanish, continuing the war effort and maintaining the unity he had advocated for.

Umar II became the Umayyad caliph after the death of Sulayman ibn Abd al-Malik. He is often considered the fifth 'Rashidun' (rightly guided) caliph due to his piety and reforms.

Umar II ordered the withdrawal of Umayyad forces from the prolonged siege of Constantinople, which had failed to capture the city. This ended a major military campaign and saved resources.

Umar II implemented reforms that equalized tax treatment between Arab Muslims and non-Arab converts (mawali), abolished discriminatory taxes, and ensured fairer administration of justice. These reforms reduced social tensions.

Umar II died after a reign of only three years, possibly poisoned. His short tenure was marked by significant reforms, and he was later remembered as a model of Islamic piety and justice.