Choe Chung-heon vs Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu

Choe Chung-heon led a military coup, killing rival generals and seizing control of the Goryeo government. He established a military dictatorship, reducing the king to a figurehead and ruling through puppet monarchs.

Choe Chung-heon created a private military government, the 'Choe family regime,' which controlled Goryeo for four generations. He appointed loyal generals to key posts and sidelined the civil bureaucracy.

Choe Chung-heon purged hundreds of civil officials and scholars who opposed his rule, executing or exiling them. This solidified military dominance over the traditional aristocracy and silenced dissent.

Choe Chung-heon led Goryeo forces in repelling initial Mongol incursions into the Korean peninsula. His military preparations delayed Mongol conquest, though the kingdom eventually became a vassal.

Jalal ad-Din Mingburnu fought a desperate battle against Genghis Khan at the Indus River. He defeated a Mongol detachment but was overwhelmed by the main Mongol army. He escaped by jumping his horse into the river, swimming to safety.

Jalal ad-Din regrouped in India and then returned to Persia, where he defeated local rulers and established a new kingdom. He conquered parts of the Caucasus, including Georgia and Azerbaijan, and fought against the Seljuks of Rum.

Jalal ad-Din was defeated by a Mongol army under Chormaqan near Isfahan. He lost his capital and was forced to flee again, this time to the Kurdish mountains, where he was eventually killed by local bandits.

Jalal ad-Din was murdered by Kurdish peasants in the mountains of Anatolia while fleeing the Mongols. His death ended the Khwarezmian resistance and marked the final extinction of the Khwarezmian Empire.