Charles VII Albert vs Mohammad Ali Shah

Charles Albert invaded Upper Austria with French and Bavarian forces, capturing Linz. This was part of the broader War of the Austrian Succession, aiming to claim Habsburg territories after Maria Theresa's accession.

Charles Albert's forces captured Prague, and he was crowned King of Bohemia. This victory solidified his claim to the imperial throne but was short-lived as Austrian forces later recaptured the city.

Charles Albert was elected Holy Roman Emperor as Charles VII, the first non-Habsburg emperor in over 300 years. His election came during the War of the Austrian Succession, backed by France and Bavaria against Maria Theresa.

Austrian forces invaded and occupied Bavaria, including Munich, forcing Charles Albert into exile. He lost control of his hereditary lands and was reduced to a figurehead emperor until his death.

Mohammad Ali Shah ordered the Russian-led Cossack Brigade to bombard the Iranian parliament (Majlis) in Tehran, killing many constitutionalists and suspending the constitution. This coup d'

After the bombardment of the Majlis, constitutionalist forces from Tabriz and Isfahan marched on Tehran, forcing Mohammad Ali Shah to abdicate in favor of his son Ahmad Shah. He fled to Russia, ending his attempt to restore autocracy and allowing the constitution to be reinstated.

Mohammad Ali Shah, with Russian support, attempted to invade Persia and regain the throne. He landed at Astarabad but was defeated by constitutionalist forces. This failed attempt further weakened the Qajar dynasty and increased Russian influence in northern Persia.