Charan Singh vs Osman Kavala

As Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Charan Singh implemented land reforms and debt relief measures for farmers. He introduced policies to reduce the power of landlords and improve the economic condition of small farmers.

Charan Singh founded the Bharatiya Kranti Dal, a political party focused on agrarian issues and farmers' interests. The party later merged into the Janata Party and influenced Indian agricultural policy.

Charan Singh became the fifth Prime Minister of India, leading a short-lived coalition government with support from the Indian National Congress. His tenure lasted only 170 days, making it one of the shortest in Indian history.

Charan Singh resigned as Prime Minister after the Indian National Congress withdrew its support, leading to the collapse of his government. He remained as caretaker Prime Minister until fresh elections were held.

Kavala was arrested on October 18, 2017, on charges related to the 2013 Gezi Park protests and the 2016 coup attempt. He was accused of attempting to overthrow the government, charges he denied. His imprisonment sparked international condemnation.

The European Court of Human Rights ruled on December 10, 2019, that Kavala's detention violated his rights and ordered his immediate release. Turkey refused to comply, leading to further legal action and tensions with the Council of Europe.

Kavala was acquitted of all charges on February 18, 2020, but was re-arrested within hours on new charges related to the coup attempt. The re-arrest drew further criticism from human rights groups and foreign governments.

The Council of Europe initiated infringement proceedings against Turkey in February 2021 for failing to implement the ECHR ruling on Kavala. This was a rare step, highlighting the international legal dispute over his continued detention.