Chaim Herzog vs Costa e Silva

Herzog was appointed Director of Military Intelligence for the Israel Defense Forces. He served in this role until 1965, overseeing intelligence operations during a period of regional tension.

Herzog served as Israel's ambassador to the UN from 1975 to 1978. He famously tore up UN Resolution 3379 equating Zionism with racism, defending Israel's legitimacy on the international stage.

Herzog published 'The War of Atonement', a detailed analysis of the 1973 Yom Kippur War. The book became a key historical account of the conflict, examining military and political decisions.

Herzog was elected as the sixth President of Israel by the Knesset. He served two five-year terms until 1993, acting as a unifying figure and representing Israel abroad.

Costa e Silva succeeded Castelo Branco as president, representing the hardline faction of the military. His presidency intensified repression and expanded the authoritarian state, moving away from the more moderate policies of his predecessor.

Costa e Silva decreed AI-5, the most repressive act of the military regime. It suspended Congress, abolished habeas corpus for political crimes, and gave the president dictatorial powers. AI-5 ushered in the most violent period of the dictatorship.

Under Costa e Silva's government, police killed student Edson Lu

Costa e Silva suffered a severe stroke in August 1969, leaving him incapacitated. A military junta took power and eventually replaced him with Em