Bernardino Rivadavia vs Kim Yuk

Rivadavia signed a treaty with the United Kingdom granting British merchants favorable trade terms and recognizing British claims. The treaty was criticized for favoring British economic interests over local development.

Rivadavia's government passed a law establishing a system of public primary education, creating schools in each province. The reform aimed to promote literacy and secular education, but was only partially implemented due to political instability.

Rivadavia became the first President of the United Provinces of the R

Facing defeat in the Cisplatine War and opposition from federalist caudillos, Rivadavia resigned the presidency. His resignation led to the dissolution of the central government and the return of provincial autonomy.

Kim Yuk compiled the Jibong Yuseol, an encyclopedia covering geography, customs, and practical knowledge. The work reflected his interest in practical learning (sirhak) and contributed to the intellectual movement of the late Joseon period.

Kim Yuk served as Hojo Panseo (Minister of Finance), where he implemented fiscal reforms including the copper coinage and tax simplification. His policies helped stabilize the Joseon economy after the Manchu invasions.

Kim Yuk proposed and implemented the minting of the Sangpyeong Tongbo, the first standardized copper coinage in Joseon Korea. This reform aimed to stabilize the economy, facilitate trade, and replace barter and cloth currency.

Kim Yuk advocated for the Daedongbeop, a tax reform that replaced multiple local tribute taxes with a single rice tax. This simplified the tax system and reduced corruption, though full implementation took decades.