Barão do Rio Branco vs Mohammad Najibullah

Rio Branco represented Brazil in the Palmas (Misiones) arbitration against Argentina. U.S. President Grover Cleveland ruled in favor of Brazil, awarding it a large territory in the south. This established Rio Branco's reputation as a diplomat.

Rio Branco successfully argued Brazil's case in the arbitration of the Amap

Rio Branco was appointed Brazil's Minister of Foreign Affairs, a position he held until his death. He reorganized the diplomatic service and established the foundations of modern Brazilian diplomacy, focusing on peaceful resolution of border disputes.

Rio Branco negotiated the Treaty of Petr

Mohammad Najibullah served as President of Afghanistan from 1987 to 1992, leading the Soviet-backed Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. He implemented a policy of National Reconciliation, attempting to broaden his government's base and end the civil war, but ultimately failed to prevent the mujahideen's victory.

In April 1992, Najibullah's government collapsed as mujahideen forces entered Kabul. He resigned and sought refuge in the UN compound in Kabul, where he remained for four years. This event marked the end of communist rule in Afghanistan and the beginning of a brutal civil war.

When the Taliban captured Kabul in September 1996, they stormed the UN compound, captured Najibullah, and executed him along with his brother. His body was mutilated and displayed in public. This act signaled the Taliban's brutal consolidation of power.