Barão do Rio Branco vs Fiame Mataafa Faumuina Mulinuu I

Rio Branco represented Brazil in the Palmas (Misiones) arbitration against Argentina. U.S. President Grover Cleveland ruled in favor of Brazil, awarding it a large territory in the south. This established Rio Branco's reputation as a diplomat.

Rio Branco successfully argued Brazil's case in the arbitration of the Amap

Rio Branco was appointed Brazil's Minister of Foreign Affairs, a position he held until his death. He reorganized the diplomatic service and established the foundations of modern Brazilian diplomacy, focusing on peaceful resolution of border disputes.

Rio Branco negotiated the Treaty of Petr

Fiame Mataafa Faumuina Mulinuu I became a paramount chief and leader of the Mau movement, which sought independence from New Zealand colonial rule. He organized non-violent resistance campaigns, including boycotts and petitions, to demand self-government for Samoa.

New Zealand authorities arrested Fiame Mataafa and other Mau leaders for sedition, exiling them to the island of Savai'i. This action aimed to suppress the independence movement but instead galvanized Samoan support for the Mau cause.

After his release, Fiame Mataafa negotiated with New Zealand for constitutional reforms that granted Samoans greater representation in the colonial government. The resulting constitution established a legislative council with Samoan members, a step toward self-rule.