Babangida Ibrahim vs Joao Figueiredo

Babangida seized power in a bloodless coup in 1985, overthrowing Muhammadu Buhari. He cited Buhari's authoritarian rule and economic mismanagement as reasons for the takeover, promising a return to civilian rule.

Babangida implemented a Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) in 1986, backed by the IMF and World Bank. The program included currency devaluation, trade liberalization, and privatization, but led to economic hardship and protests.

Babangida annulled the 1993 presidential election, widely considered the freest in Nigeria's history, after preliminary results showed Moshood Abiola winning. The annulment sparked political crisis, protests, and international condemnation.

Babangida resigned as President in 1993 under pressure from protests and international criticism following the election annulment. He handed power to an interim government led by Ernest Shonekan, which was soon overthrown by Sani Abacha.

Figueiredo's government passed legislation ending the two-party system imposed by the military, allowing the formation of multiple political parties. This reform facilitated the reorganization of opposition forces and the eventual return to multi-party democracy.

Figueiredo became the last military president of Brazil, succeeding Ernesto Geisel. His presidency marked the continuation of the political opening (abertura) process initiated by Geisel, aiming for a gradual transition to democracy.

Figueiredo signed Law No. 6,683, granting amnesty to political exiles and those accused of political crimes during the military regime. The law also covered state agents, preventing prosecution for human rights abuses.

A bomb exploded at a May Day concert at Riocentro, killing a military sergeant and wounding another. Evidence suggested involvement of hardline military factions opposed to abertura. The incident weakened Figueiredo's government and accelerated the democratic transition.

Facing a severe debt crisis and inflation, Figueiredo's government implemented an IMF-backed austerity program, including currency devaluation and spending cuts. The plan failed to stabilize the economy, leading to recession and social unrest.

Figueiredo's government faced massive public demonstrations demanding direct presidential elections (Diretas J